In one of the previous lesson we learned how to count in Esperanto: 1 - unu, 2 - du, 3 - tri, 4 - kvar,
5 - kvin, 6 - ses, 7 - sep, 8 - ok, 9 - naǔ, 10 - dek, 21 - dudek unu, 53 kvindek tri, 85 - okdek kvin,
99 - naǔdek naǔ, But then how do we translate "first, second, third" etc? This is very easy...just add an
-A and you can form the word "first" out of "one", "second" out of "two" etc.
Examples:
| unua | first |
| dua | second |
| tria | third |
| deka | tenth |
So this 11th lesson would be: "La dekunua leciono"
In English, we have many interrogative pronouns starting with the letter w, like: what, who, where, when, why. In Esperanto, all those so-called interrogative pronouns start with a k:
| who/which | kiu |
| what | kio |
| how (what kind of) | kia |
| whose | kies |
| where | kie (Mind your pronunciation! ki-e in this case) |
| why | kial |
| when | kiam |
| to whom | al kiu |
| how (in what way) | kiel |
| how much/many | kiom (usually followed by the word "da") |
| Who are you? | Kiu vi estas? |
| What does he say? | kion li diras? |
| What kind of flowers do you see? | Kiajn florojn vi vidas? |
| Whose book is on the table? | Kies libro estas sur la tablo? |
| Where is your book? | Kie via libro estas? |
| Why does he learn? | Kial li lernas? |
| When will she come? | Kiam ŝi venos? |
| How does he sing? | Kiel li kantas? |
| What does he say? | Kion li diras? |
| How much is one plus one? | Kiom estas unu plus unu? |
| How many flowers? | Kiom da floroj? |
After "Kiom", you should use "da" when you're indicating asking for a quantity of a certain substance. Although DA remains untranslated, you could silently translate it to "of the", as in: "How many of the flowers?", "Kiom da floroj?"
On to some new prefixes now. The prefix GE- unites both sexes.
| father | patro |
| Father and mother (parents) | gepatroj |
| gentleman | sinjoro |
| Ladies and gentlemen | gesinjoroj |
| son | filo |
| Sons and daughters (children) | gefiloj |
| friend | amiko |
| Friends (both sexes) | geamikoj |
It's not strictly necessary always to use the GE- prefix. When you want to say: "Ladies and gentlemen", you have the choice between "Gesinjoroj" and "Sinjorinoj kaj sinjoroj".
The suffix -AN indicates a member, supporter, participant, inhabitant, or follower.
| Amsterdamo | Amsterdam |
| amsterdamano | Someone from Amsterdam |
| kurso | course |
| kursano | Participant in the course |
| urbo | city |
| urbano | Inhabitant of the city |
| eksterlando | foreign |
| eksterlandano | foreigner |
| Nederlando | The Netherlands |
| nederlandano | A Dutch person |
On the first international convertion of Esperantists in 1905 all people were addressed in this way by Dr. Zamenhof: "Gasamideanoj! Kun granda ĝojo mi salutas vin!" - "Congenials! With great joy I greet you!"
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) En la somero multaj eksterlandanoj vizitas nian landon.
2) Kial ili vizitas nian landon?
3) Ĉar ili deziras naĝi en la maro kaj vidi niajn florojn.
4) La unuan tagon de miaj ferioj mi estis malsana.
5) Kiu estas mia biciklo?
6) Ĉu amsterdamano loĝas en Londono?
7) Kial vi havas timon (fear) por la dentisto?
8) La instruistino instruas la kursanojn.
9) Hieraǔ mi estis en Londono kaj vidis la veturilon de la re^gino.
10) En la printempo la virinoj volas laboregi por purigi (clean) la ĉambrojn, sed .... kie estas la viroj?
Exercise B: Translate to Esperanto:
1) Did you already write a letter to your grandparents?
2) Why didn't you learn the ninth lesson?
3) The fourth apple fell on the floor.
4) The worker lost a knife.
5) Who plays in the bedroom (sleeping-room)?
6) The boys and the girls (translate with one word) walk into the garden of the neighbour.
7) The rain fell on the new red garden-bench.
8) I do not understand why you lie.
9) We are happy because spring (printempo) comes.
10) To whom will you give these beautilful flowers?
11) The inhabitants of this town (one word!) also came to the city.
Solution for Exercise A:
1) In the summer, many foreigners visit our country.
2) Why do they visit our country?
3) Because they want to swim in the sea and see our flowers.
4) I was ill the first day of my holiday.
5) Where is my bike?
6) Does an inhabitant from Amsterdam live in London?
7) Why do you have fear for the dentist?
8) The teacher teaches the participants of the course.
9) Yesterday I was in London and saw the vehicle of the Queen.
10) The women want to work hard to clean the rooms in spring, but....where are the men?
Solution for Exercise B
1) Ĉu vi jam skirbis leteron al via geavoj?
2) Kial vi ne lernis la naǔan lecionon?
3) La kvara pomo falis sur la plankon.
4) La laboristo perdis tranĉilon.
5) Kiu ludas en la dormĉambro?
6) La geknaboj promenas en la ĝardenon de la najbaro.
7) La pluvo falis sur la novon ruĝan ĝardenbenkon.
8) Mi ne komprenas, kial vi mensogas.
9) Ni estas ĝojaj, ĉar printempo venas.
10) Al kiu vi donos ĉi tiujn belajn florojn?
11) La urbanoj ankaǔ venis al la urbo.
In lessons seven and nine, we've seen something about forming words. In this lesson, you'll see some more samples. You learned for example: en = in/into, iri = to go. So "eniri" means "to go in/into, to enter" and then "entrance" would be "enirejo" and "exit" would be "elirejo".
| domo | house |
| pordo | door |
| dompordo | housedoor |
| bona | good |
| deziro | wish |
| bondeziro | goodwish |
| nova | new |
| jaro | year |
| novjaro | newyear |
| piedo | foot |
| iri | to go |
| piediri | to go by foot |
| voĉo | voice |
| doni | to give |
| voĉdoni | to vote (to give voice) |
| naskiĝi | to be born |
| tago | day |
| naskiĝtago | birthday |
| legi | to read |
| libro | book |
| leglibro | book to read, novel |
| akvo | water |
| fali | to fall |
| akvofalo | waterfall |
| vino | wine |
| botelo | bottle |
| vinbotelo | bottle of wine |
Without really mentioning it, we already translated sentences containing two verbs:
| He can read | Li povas legi. |
| You have to tell me your name | Vi devas diri al mi vian nomon. |
| We can't sleep | Ni ne povas dormi. |
| He will have to learn | Li devos lerni. |
Sometimes we add the word "to" in English, but in Esperanto this never happens...
| We wish to go away/to leave. | Ni deziras foriri. |
| We will begin to learn Esperanto. | Ni komencos lerni Esperanton. |
| I wish to read. | Mi deziras legi. |
We'll now learn a new suffix: -ANT. This suffix is used to indicate that something is in progress:
| la leganta knabo | The reading boy/the boy who is reading |
| la parolanta sinjoro | The speaking gentelman/the gentleman who is speaking |
| la ridanta knabino | The laughing girl/the girl who's laughing |
| la lernantaj infanoj | the learning children/the children who're learning |
| ni vidas la dancantajn infanojn | We see the dancing children/We see the children who're dancing |
| la fluganta birdo | The flying bird |
| la lernantaj gekursanoj | The learning participants of the course (gekursanoj expresses masculine and feminine participlants of a course) |
Attention! You'll already understand that if we write "la leganto", we refer to "the reading person" or "the reader". Likewise: "la parolanto" would be "the speaking person/the speaker", "la geridantoj" - "the laughing persons (both genders)"
-ANTA = to be doing something right at the moment. Something is happening right now. Brulanta domo - a burning house, a house that's burning right at this moment.
The next suffix we'll teach you is the suffix -AR. It indicates a collection of the baseword. Examples:
| arbo | tree |
| arbaro | forest |
| vorto | word |
| vortaro | dictionary |
| vagono | carriage/wagon |
| vagonaro | train |
| monto | mountain |
| montaro | chain of mountains |
| adreso | address |
| adresaro | address-book |
| ŝipano | shipper |
| ŝipanaro | crew |
| estro | head/boss |
| estraro | direction |
| ano | members |
| anaro | (all) members |
In the last two words you see, that the prefix ESTR- and the suffix -AN can also be used independantly.
Some more examples: You learned, that the prefix MAL- indicates the opposite of the baseword.
Good - Bona, Bad - Malbona, Friend - Amiko, Enemy - Malamiko
Then what is: "la malo" as in "La malo okazis"? "La malo" then, of course, is the
Esperanto word for "the opposite", "La malo okazis" - "The opposite occurred". "Ĉu vi
estas riĉa? Male, mi estas malriĉa" - "Are you rich? On the contrary, I'm poor."
This seems like a lot to memorize, but we only give these samples to show you what you can do with the information you've learned so far. You can see you're already capable of forming many words!. By practicing (reading and writing) a lot you'll learn all those constructions automatically...Just remember to actually use the language!
Exercise A: Translate to English
1) Doktoro L.L. Zamenhof naskiĝis en la monato decembro de la jaro 1859 en la urbeto Bjalistok en Polio (Poland).
2) La loĝantoj de la urbeto estis poloj, (Polish), judoj (Jewish), rusoj (Russian) kaj germanoj (German).
3) Ili parolis malsamajn lingvojn.
4) La rezulto (result) estis multaj konfliktoj, ĉar la poloj ne povis kompreni la germanojn kaj la germanoj ne povis bone kompreni la rusojn.
5) La patrino de la juna Zamenhof instruis al li, ke la homoj estas gefratoj.
6) Sed en la stratoj li konstatis la malon.
7) La juna knabo havis nur unu deziregon; doni pacon al la homaro.
8) Li volis fari (to make) lingvon.
9) La nova lingvo devis esti internacia, kaj neǔtrala.
10) Kaj li faris Esperanton.
Exercise B: Translate to Esperanto
1) In the year 1905 the first international congress (kongreso) was in France (Francio).
2) In the congressroom (room = salono) were eight hundred persons from different countries.
3) Doctor Zamenhof said: "Ladies and Gentlemen, I greet you!"
4) You came from many countries and you are now the guests of the French (franca) Esperantists.
5) In the room are no Russians, or Germans, Poles or Frenchmen, but in the room are only people.
6) And they do not speak different languages.
7) They speak Esperanto, the neutral international language.
8) Now we are brothers and sisters of a big and international family (familio).
9) Doctor Zamenhof could be pleased (satisfied).
Solution for Exercise A
1) Doctor L.L. Zamenhof was born in the month (of) December of the year 1859 in the village Bjalistok in Poland.
2) The inhabitants of the village were Poles, Jews, Russians and Germans.
3) They spoke different languages.
4) The result was many conflicts, because the Poles couldn't understand the Germans and the Germans couldn't understand the Russians well.
5) The mother of the young Zamenhof taught him, that all humans/men are brothers.
6) But in the steets he found the opposite.
7) The young boy had only one wish; to give peace to mankind.
8) He wanted to make a language.
9) The new language had to be international, and neutral.
10) And he made Esperanto.
Solution for Exercise B
1) En la jaro 1905 la unua internacia kongreso estis en Francio.
2) En la kongresosalono estis okcent personaj el diversaj landoj.
3) Doktoro Zamenhof diris: "Gesinjoroj, mi salutas vin!"
4) Vi venis de multaj landoj kaj nun vi estas la gastoj de francaj Esperantistoj.
5) En la salono ne estas rusoj, aǔ germanoj, poloj aǔ francoj, sed en salono estas nur homoj.
6) Kaj ili ne parolas malsamajn lingvojn.
7) Ili parolas Esperanton, la neǔtralan internacian lingvon.
8) Nun ni estas gefratoj de granda kaj internacia familio.
9) Doktoro Zamenhof povis esti kontenta.
In lesson 11 we saw some interrogative pronouns such as "Who? What? Where? etc.". And now,
of course, we can also answer these question, since you know that the interrogative pronouns
always start with a k. (In English usually with a w).
"Kio estas tio?" - "What is that?"
The words used to answer such a question always start with a t in Esperanto:
"Tio estas arbo" - "That is a tree"
Here are some words you use in questions and answers:
| kiu | who/which |
| tiu | that (refers to persons) |
| kio | what |
| tio | that (refers to objects) |
| kia | how/what kind of |
| tia | such a/that kind of |
| kies | whose |
| ties | it's |
| kie | where |
| tie | there |
| kial | why |
| tial | because |
| kiam | when |
| tiam | then/at that moment |
| kiel | how/in what way |
| tiel | so/that way |
The second letter of all words you saw is always an I and the endings of the interrogative pronoun also corresponds with the ending of the word you use when answering. Make sure you memorize all these words for they're are very common and are seen in all kinds of texts and conversations. It's easy to confuse them if you haven't memorized them.
| Kio estas sur la tablo? | What is on the table? |
| Tio estas sur la tablo | That is on the table |
| Kie estas la stacidomo? | Where is the trainstation? |
| Tie. | There |
| Kial vi ploras? | Why do you cry? |
| Tial mi ploras. | That's why I cry |
| Kiam li venis? | When did he come? |
| Tiam li venis. | Then he came |
Those t-words which point at something are called: demonstrative pronouns.
| kofro | suitcase |
| muso | mouse |
| flari | to smell |
| super | above |
| pano | bread |
| au | or |
| regali | to treat (give a present) |
| ponto | bridge |
| plezuro | pleasure/fun |
| vilaĝo | village |
| aviadilo | airplane |
| fajro | fire |
| I go to the city | Mi iras al la urbo |
| I give the book to George | Mi donas la libron al George |
| Instead of George, Pete will come | Anstataǔ George venos Pete |
| He lives with him | Li loxgas ĉe li |
| He lives near us | Li loxgas apud ni |
| The book is on the table | La libro estas sur la tablo |
| The sun shines through the window | La suno brilas tra la fenestro |
| I will go till London | Mi iros ĝis Londono |
| The dog of the neighbour | La hundo de la najbaro |
| During one week he was ill | Dum unu semajno li estis malsana |
| I sit in the room | Mi sidas en la ĉambro |
| I go out of the room | Mi iras el la ĉambro |
| The table stands between the windows | La tablo staras inter la fenestroj |
| He lives between her and me | Li loĝas inter ŝi kaj mi |
| He walks with two dogs | Li promenas kun du hundoj |
| He travels without suitcase | Li vojaĝas sen kofro |
| After saturday comes sunday | Post sabato venas dimanĉo |
| The dog lays before the stove | La hundo kuŝas antaǔ la forno |
| The cat lays behind the stove | La kato kuŝas malantaǔ la forno |
| Under the bed walks a mouse | Sub la lito iras muso |
| Above the sea flies an airplane | Super la maro flugas aviadilo |
| He cuts with a knife (in) the bread | Li tranĉas per tranĉilo la panon |
| I stood outside the house | Mi staris ekster la domo |
| They sat around the fire | Ili sidis ĉirkaǔ la fajro |
Attention! The use of prepositions can differ a bit from English, so it's best to use them frequently and practise a lot by reading and listening.
Exercise A: Translate to English
1) Mi laboris dum tri semajnoj en Londono.
2) La leganta virino sidas sur la seĝo apud la forno.
3) La tramo veturas ĝis la ponto.
4) Mi vojaĝas por mia plezuro.
5) La ŝipo kuŝas sub la ponto.
6) La geknaboj iris tra la stratoj de la vilaĝo.
7) Oni manĝas per la buŝo, flaras per la nazo kaj vidas per la okuloj.
8) Kiam la sinjorinoj venis kun la infanoj?
9) Anstataǔ la patrino kuiris la filino.
10) Ĉu vi vojaĝas sen kofroj aǔ kun kofroj?
Exercise B: Translate to Esperanto
1) We travelled till Paris.
2) The sun shines above the mountains.
3) I sat behind the door and heard the children.
4) What did you hear?
5) That I did not understand.
6) That's why we learn Esperanto.
7) That way you can sit near the table.
8) Where is my book?
9) There, under the chair, is your book.
10) I do not understand, why you don't learn your lessons.
11) To those boys and girls (one word!) I gave my beautiful books.
12) That's why they were incontent.
Solution for Exercise A:
1) I worked during three weeks in London.
2) The reading woman sits on the chair next to the stove.
3) The tram drives till the bridge.
4) I travel for my pleasure.
5) The ship lies under the bridge.
6) The boys and girls went through the streets of the village.
7) One eats with the mouth, smells with the nose en sees with the eyes.
8) When did the women come with the children?
9) Instead of the mother, the daugher cooked.
10) Do you travel without suitcases or with suitcases?
Solution for Exercise B:
1) Ni vojaĝis ĝis Parizo.
2) La suno brilas super la montoj.
3) Mi sidis malantaǔ la pordo kaj aǔdis la infanojn.
4) Kion vi aǔdis?
5) Tion mi ne komprenis.
6) Tial ni lernas Esperanton.
7) Tiel vi povas sidi ĉe la tablo.
8) Kie estas mia libro?
9) Tie, sub la seĝo, estas via libro.
10) Mi ne komprenas, kial vi ne lernas viajn lecionojn.
11) Al tiuj geknaboj mi donis miajn belajn librojn.
12) Tial ili estis malkontentaj.
All international words, words that are commonly accepted in many languages, remain unchanged but adapt to the spelling of the Esperanto language:
| telephone | telefono |
| telegraph | telegrafio |
| machine | maŝino |
| theory | teorio |
In English, we use the suffix "in-law" to indicate a relation that exists because of a marriage. In Esperanto, the prefix BO- is used.
| father | patro |
| father-in-law | bopatro |
| sister | fratino |
| sister-in-law | bofratino |
| brother | frato |
| brother-in-law | bofrato |
Attention! Parents = gepatroj, parents-in-law = bogepatroj. It's more common to put ge before bo.
The prefix DIS- indicates a division, seperation, spread:
| iri | to go |
| disiri | to go apart |
| sendi | to send |
| dissendi | to send away |
| bati | to hit |
| disbati | to hit apart (to smash apart) |
The suffix -ER indicates the smallest possible unit:
| pano | bread |
| panero | breadcrumb |
| sablo | sand |
| sablero | a grain of sand |
| neĝo | snow |
| neĝero | snowflake |
| mono | money |
| monero | coin |
| ligno | wood |
| lignero | sliver (from wood) |
| pluvo | rain |
| pluvero | raindrop |
| fajro | fire |
| fajrero | sparkle |
Don't confuse this suffix with the suffix -AR, as in arbaro (forest, lesson 12)
The suffix -EBL corresponds with the English suffix -ABLE. It indicates something can be the object of an action, it indicates a possibility
| legi | to read |
| legebla | readable |
| vidi | to see |
| videbla | visible |
| trinki | to drink |
| trinkebla | drinkable |
| atingi | to reach |
| atingebla | reachable |
| uzi | to use |
| uzebla | usable |
| aǔdi | to hear |
| aǔdebla | hearable |
Note that it doesn't always correspond to -ABLE because the irregular nature of the English language, "visible" for example ends in -IBLE but still can be the object of the action "to see". Something can be seen and therefore it's visible. Something can be heard and therefore it's audible. Something can be eaten and therefore it's edible.
-EBL Words can also be translated using "can":
La domo estas aĉetebla - the house can be bought, the house is for sale
The man can be convinced - la viro estas konvinkebla (konvinki - to convince)
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) Vitro estas rompebla kaj travidebla.
2) Ŝi ne estis konvinkebla.
3) En la mateno mi donis al la birdoj panerojn.
4) La instruistino disdonis la kajerojn.
5) La ludantaj infanoj diskuris.
6) La prezidanto parolis tro mallaǔte, li ne estis aǔdebla.
7) Kies domo estas aĉetebla?
8) Miaj bogepatroj loĝas en la domo de mia bofrato.
9) Mi iris en la domon, ĉar mi sentis kelkajn pluverojn.
10) La knabino laǔte ploris, ĉar ŝi havis sableron en la okulo.
11) Ĉu vi dissendas la invitojn por la kontaktvespero?
Exercise B: Translate to Esperanto:
1) The letter from my friend from The Netherlands was readable.
2) The coin was on the table.
3) When can your house be bought?
4) My house won't be for sale, but it can be rented (to rent - lui).
5) The stars were not visible.
6) My brother-in-law will visit me sunday.
7) My sister can't come because she has a sliver in the eye.
8) My sister is stobourn, she can't be convinced.
9) With whom did you speak in the train yesterday?
10) The brown water from the river was undrinkable.
11) The bike of my little brother (one word) was usable.
Solution for Exercise A:
1) Glass is breakable and transparent.
2) She couldn't be convinced.
3) In the morning I gave the birds bread crumbs.
4) The (female) teacher handed out the work-books/exercise-books.
5) The playing children ran apart.
6) The president spoke too silent, he couldn't be heard/he wasn't hearable.
7) Whose house is for sale? (literally: Whose house can be bought?/Whose house is buyable?)
8) My parents-in-law live in the house of my brother-in-law.
9) I went into the house, because I felt some rain-drops.
10) The girl cried loudly because she had a sliver in the eye.
11) Are you distributing invitations to the contact-evening?
Solution for Exercise B:
1) La letero de mia amiko de Nederlando estis legebla.
2) La monero estis sur la tablo.
3) Kiam via domo estos aĉetebla?
4) Mia domo ne estos aĉetebla, sed ĝi estas luebla.
5) La steloj ne estis videblaj.
6) Mia bofrato vizitos min dimanĉo.
7) Mia fratino ne povas veni, ĉar ŝi havas sableron en la okulo.
8) Mia fratino estas pedanta, ŝi ne estas konvinkebla (ŝi estas nekonvinkebla).
9) Kun kiu vi parolis en la vagonaro hieraǔ?
10) La bruna akvo el la rivero estis netrinkebla (ne estis trinkebla).
11) La biciklo de mia frateto estis uzebla.
How do we translate "long - longer - longest" or "beautiful - more beautiful - most
beautiful" in Esperanto? These forms are vital in forming comparisons, when comparing two
things with each other. Translating these words is very easy in Esperanto:
beautiful - bela, more beautiful - pli bela, the most beautiful - (la) plej bela
great - granda, greater - pli granda, the greatest - (la) plej granda.
Note that you should always use pli and plej. There are of course no irregular forms as
in English. We say "good - better - best" but in Esperanto it's just "bona - pli bona -
plej bona". It's very logical!
Some sample sentences:
| My father is the strongest man | Mia patro estas la plej forta viro. |
| The read pencil is the longest | La ruĝa krajono estas la plej longa. |
| In that store one can buy the better pants | En tiu butiko oni povas aĉeti la pli bonajn librojn. |
| Carl is big | Carl/Karlo estas granda. |
| Peter is bigger, but Johan is the biggest | Petro estas pli granda, sed Johano estas la plej granda. |
| She is the best student in her class | Ŝi estas la plej bona lernantino el ŝia klaso. |
| From those books the green one is the biggest | El tiuj libroj la verda estas la plej dika. |
Attention! In the last two sentences you'll note that the words "in" and "of have been translated using "el". This is always used when taking a selection out of a bigger unity. You should use "el" instead of "de" in those cases.
Some more samples:
| She sings beautifully | ŝi kantas bele |
| She sings more beautifully | ŝi kantas pli bele |
| She sings the most beautifully | ŝi kantas la plej bele |
You learned to translate "more" and "most" but what about "less and least"? Well, it's very simple and logical.
You just translate those by saying "malpli and malplej".
He's less interested - Li estas malpli interesa
Now let's continue with comparing things, there are two types of comparisons:
1 - The first type of comparisons are the comparisons of inequality, when comparing two things that are not equal.
So when we're looking at the differences, we're talking about comparisons of inequality, as in: "I'm bigger than you".
In Esperanto, this would translate as: "Mi estas pli granda ol vi"
2 - The second type of comparisons are the comparisons of equality, when comparing two
things that are equal and looking for the similarities. In English, we'd say, "I'm as big
as you". In Esperanto this can be translated in two ways, choose whichever translation
you prefer:
Mi estas tiel granda kiel vi
Mi estas same granda kiel vi
To end this lesson, we'll discuss something that's not quite logical in English but has a logical counterpart
in Esperanto. In English, we can say: "Peter has two pencils, the blue one is longest", and you'll note we use longest.
But when comparing two pencils then one can be quite long and the other can be longer, but it can't be the longest.
It can only be longest when comparing three pencils. The first one is long, the second is longer, but the third is longest.
Remember: When comparing two things in Esperanto we always use the pli form and never the plej form.
"Peter has two pencils, the blue one is longest" would translate as "Petro havas du krajonojn, la blua estas
la pli longa"
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) La elefanto estas pli forta besto ol la hundo.
2) Mi ne estas tiel forta kiel vi.
3) En nia ĝardeno staras du arboj; la pli granda apartenas al (behoort aan/is van) mia frato.
4) Kiu loĝas en tiu kastelo?
5) En tiu kastelo loĝas la plej riĉa viro el nia vilaĝo.
6) Mia patrino estas malpli granda ol mia patro.
7) Vi skribas same malbele kiel mi.
8) La plej malgrandan libron mi aĉetis.
9) Sed ĝi estas la plej bona el ĉiuj (all) libroj.
10) Sinjoro, mi ne povas kredi, ke mia frato estas la plej maldiligenta (=lazy) knabo el via klaso.
11) Mi opinias (opinii - to have an opinion/to think that) ke li estas same diligenta kiel la aliaj geknaboj.
Exercise B: Translate to Esperanto:
1) Is the dog stronger than the cat?
2) Yes, but the cat is not as big as the dog.
3) That house is the biggest of all (ĉiuj) houses.
4) Which country has the highest house?
5) Where do you live? I live in the most beautiful city of our country.
6) In summer the days are longer than in winter, but the nights are shorter.
7) Today my mother is less ill than yesterday.
8) My sister sings more beautiful than I.
9) My brother sings ugliest.
Solution for Exercise A:
1) The elephant is a stronger animal than the dog.
2) I am not as strong as you.
3) In our garden stand two trees; the biggest one belongs to my brother.
4) Who lives in that castle?
5) In that castle lives the richest man of our village.
6) My mother is less big than my father.
7) You write as ugly as I.
8) The biggest book I bought.
9) But it's the most beautiful of all books.
10) Mister, I can not believe, that my brother is the most lazy boy of your class.
11) I think that he is as diligent as the other boys.
Solution for Exercise B:
1) Ĉu la hundo estas pli forta ol la kato?
2) Jes, sed la kato ne estas same granda kiel la hundo.
3) Tiu domo estas la plej granda el ĉiuj domoj.
4) Kiu lando havas la plej altan domon?
5) Kie vi loĝas? Mi loĝas en la plej bela urbo de nia lando.
6) En la somero la tagoj estas pli longaj ol en la vintero, sed la noktoj estas pli mallongaj.
7) Hodiaǔ mia patrino estas malpli malsana ol hieraǔ.
8) Mia fratino kantas pli bele ol mi.
9) Mia frato kantas plej malbele.
This is the end of part three. You can continue with part IV of this course or find a lot of information on Esperanto grammar on the UniLang site. And now you know the basics you will probably manage to learn more with our other aids.
Thanks for your interest in this course! If you discovered any mistakes or you just want to say something then please let us know 
. We do need feedback! 